2004-01-09, 11:58 PM
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Linux Commands
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2004-01-10, 03:08 PM
nice one, ive pasted them here passwd Changes password nslookup Queries Internet domain name servers quota Displays disk usage and limits motd Message of the Day finger username User information lookup program man or xman command Displays pages of online manual xman Displays System Manual in X less filename or more filename Displays the contents of a file in the terminal one page at a time info Displays information and documentation on shells, utilities and programs clear Clears the terminal window ls directory List contents of a directory cat filename Displays the contents of a file in the terminal rm filename Removes a file pico filename or emacs filename Opens and edits text files cp sourcefile detstinationfilename Copies a file lpr filename Sends file to printer grep string filename looks through files for strings head filename Displays first 10 lines of file tail filename Displays last 10 lines of file mv existingfilename newfilename Moves or renames file lpq filename Displays files in printing queue lprm filename Removes file from printing queue sort filename Displays and sorts file contents diff filename1 filename2 Displays differences between files file filename Displays information about file contents echo string Copies string to terminal date Displays current date and time cal Displays calendar gzip filename Compresses a file compress filename Compresses a file gunzip filename Decompresses a compressed file zcat filename Displays contents of a compressed file apropos command Lists all man page titles/headers that contain the command lynx Text based web browser dmesg Displays kernel ring buffer which command Displays path to command whereis command Displays paths to locations of commands who Lists currently logged on users finger username@hostname Obtains detailed information about a user currently using the system w Lists currently logged on users with processing usage mesg y/n Sets options for letting other users write you messages write user Sends message to other users talk user Allows two way chat to other users chmod permissions filename Changes file access permissions mkdir directoryname Makes a directory rmdir directoryname Removes an empty directory ln existingfile new-link Creates link to an existing file (hard link) stat filename Lists information about a file ln -s existingfile new-link Creates link to an existing file (soft link) df Displays all mounted filesystems ps Reports process status command & Sends a job to the background (job: one or more commands connected by a pipe "|" or pipes) The operating system assigns a number to the job when you press return. example: [1] 3578 top Displays updating list of currently running processes tty Displays the name of the terminal in which the command was issued command > filename Redirects standard output command < filename Redirects standard input cat file1 >> file2 Appends standard output from file1 to file2 cat /dev/null > filename or filename > /dev/null Redirects "bit bucket" or null string to file (only superuser has write access to this file) command1 | command2 Pipe sends standard output of one command to the standard input of another command tr string1 string2 < inputfile Translates each character in string1 to the corresponding character in string2 command | tee filename | grep string Sends the output of one command to standard output and a file bg %job number Sends job to the background by job number fg %job number Brings job to the foreground by job number kill PID or %job number Aborts a process by PID (Process Identification Number) or job number jobs Displays a list of current jobs netcfg Utility to set up PPP and network configurations xev Utility used to see information flow from X server to client echo $DISPLAY Environment variable that displays the ID string for a window echo $PATH Variable that displays executable path netstat Displays network connections viewres Graphical class browser for X xbill Game featuring Bill Gates trying to put windows on Macs and NeXT workstations xevil Game similar to Loderunner? xchomp Linux's version of PacMan xcmap Strange color lookup utility xedit Text editor for X asclock Clock from AfterStep xconsole Strange console for X xmessage message Sends message to a dialog box xgal XGalaga game xg3 Image viewing program xgc Graphing calculator? xjewel Jewel game for Linux xkbvleds LEDs? xkbwatch LEDs? xlogo Displays X logo xmixer Opens system sound controls xsnow Snowflakes are fallin' on your desktop xwininfo Displays info about a window startx Starts an X Window System server ghostview Starts a text preview application xv filename Image viewer xsetroot -color Set background color in X xcalc Starts a calculator in X xclipboard Starts a clipboard in X traceroute host Prints the route packets take to the host hostname Displays system identity name rlogin host Utility to connect to a remote system telnet host Utility to connect to a remote system (similar to rlogin but more interactive) rcp file remotemachine Used to copy from a remote computer ftp Utility to transfer files between systems on a network rsh command Utility to run a command on a remote system without logging in ping host Utility used to test connection to a remote system lcd directorypath Changes local machine directory while logged on to remote machine Shared Directories Directory Description / Root - The root directory is present in all Linux system file structures. It's the parent of all files in the system. /bin Essential common binaries - Holds files needed to boot the system and run it when it comes up in single user mode. /boot Static files of the boot loader. /dev Device files - All files that represent peripheral devices. /etc Machine-local system configuration - Holds administrative, config, and other system files. Holds /etc/passwd file that contains a list of all users who have permission to the system. /home User home directories - Contains each user's or client's home directory /lib Shared libraries /mnt Mount point for temporary partitions /proc Kernel and process information (virtual filesystem) /root Home directory for root /sbin Essential system binaries - Contains utilities for system administration. /tmp Temporary files /usr Second major hierarchy - Includes subdirectories that contain information used by the system. /var Variable data - Contains files whose contents change as system runs. vi Commands Command Description vi filename Starts vi and creates a new file :q! Quits vi without saving work p Pastes data in buffer below current line P Pastes data in buffer above current line yy Copies current line :r !command Reads in output of the command i Puts vi in insert mode :set autoindent Sets vi to indent automatically :set showmatch Sets vi to show matching parenthesis :set nu Sets vi to display line numbers :set showmode Sets vi to display the mode you're in ESCAPE Sets vi to command mode CONTROL-U Erases current line (insert mode) CONTROL-H Erases on letter (insert mode) CONTROL-W Erases current word (insert mode) h, j, k, l Moves cursor left, up, down, right respectively u Undoes last action x Deletes a single character dw Deletes a single word dd Deletes a single line ZZ Writes work buffer to disk and exits vi o inserts line after cursor position CONTROL-L Redraws screen :w filename Save work as filename and exits Control Characters Key Use CONTROL-H or BACKSPACE Erases a character on the command line CONTROL-U Deletes an entire command line CONTROL-W Erases a word on the command line CONTROL-C Aborts program execution COMMAND-Tab Switches Programs CONTROL-L or CONTROL-R Refreshes the screen Control-D, logout or exit Logs you off the system |
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